International Relations in Asia, Africa and the Americas

China’s new domestic reality marks a departure from the previous four decades of reform and transformation. Deng Xiaoping’s formula of “hiding your strength and biding your time” has been replaced with assertiveness and displays of power. In line with Chinese tradition, all major aims, visions, proposals, and decisions are once again statedefined
and state-focused. The personal rule of Xi Jinping, often referred to as the “Chairman of Everything,” dominates, creating a “Party of One.” At the same time, personal connections—China’s famous guanxi—have regained importance in institutions. This study, written by a former diplomat in Asia and a seasoned Polish sinologist and political scientist, focuses on three major issues: the current political system and governance in the PRC, so-called Xi-nomics, and China’s new global role following the pandemic and
the Russian aggression in Ukraine.

The book analyzes the U.S. Supreme Court’s rulings in cases concerning
surveillance, both domestic and foreign intelligence, focusing on
how judicial activism or judicial restraint has legitimized the almost
uncontrolled surveillance of American citizens by government agencies.
The purpose of the research is to examine the judiciary’s impact
on the scope of government surveillance and, more broadly, on the
state of American democracy and the rule of law. By reviewing the
most important SCOTUS opinions on surveillance and applying the
famous “legitimate end” approach from McCulloch v. Maryland, the
author determines which values have prevailed in the judicial interpretation
of the Constitution: security or freedom. Furthermore, the book
evaluates the legal and political arguments used by the Court to justify
broad surveillance measures, including the national security paradigm
and secrecy, which have strengthened the executive branch’s position
in the U.S. governmental system.