Kein Foto

Francisco J. Leira-Castiñeira

Francisco J. Leira-Castiñeira is Ramon y Cajal Fellow at the Institute for Policy and Governance of the Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain.


John Sakkas is Professor of Modern History at the University of the Aegean, Greece.

Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars

Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars

This edited collection examines the violence experienced by non-combatants during the civil wars which took place in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. The determinants of violence in civil wars are highly complex and variable. By focusing on both the victims and perpetrators of violence in eight European countries, including Russia, Ireland, France and Spain, the book explores what happened when differing groups within a polity clashed, and in which ways internal conflicts manifested themselves and permeated societies.

Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars

Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars

This edited collection examines the violence experienced by non-combatants during the civil wars which took place in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. The determinants of violence in civil wars are highly complex and variable. By focusing on both the victims and perpetrators of violence in eight European countries, including Russia, Ireland, France and Spain, the book explores what happened when differing groups within a polity clashed, and in which ways internal conflicts manifested themselves and permeated societies.