Mathematics and Statistics (R0)

Combinatorics and Algebraic Geometry have enjoyed a fruitful interplay since the nineteenth century. Classical interactions include invariant theory, theta functions and enumerative geometry. The aim of this volume is to introduce recent developments in combinatorial algebraic geometry and to approach algebraic geometry with a view towards applications, such as tensor calculus and algebraic statistics. A common theme is the study of algebraic varieties endowed with a rich combinatorial structure. Relevant techniques include polyhedral geometry, free resolutions, multilinear algebra, projective duality and compactifications.

This book presents the mathematical tools that politicians use to make rational decisions about health, education, culture, economy, finance, transportation, and national defense for their citizens.  The selection of topics addressed is based on the experiences of four veteran politicians who have doctorates or master’s degrees in mathematics. The exposition also considers the mathematical tools used by politicians to capture votes or optimize their impact on the design of electoral districts, i.e., gerrymandering, without forgetting the mathematics applied to parliamentary activity  and political science.

Aimed at a general educated readership, a basic knowledge of mathematics is the only requisite to understanding most of the book. Certain sections, denoted in the book with a star, contain more advanced material and require some knowledge of undergraduate math. A later chapter is dedicated to applications and techniques of machine learning and the final chapter discusses a variety of cases where political decisions have affected mathematical development. Readers gravitating towards this book are those who are curious about the history of mathematics, including optimizers and mathematicians who would like to learn more about the historical roots of their discipline. There will also be strong appeal to mathematically-oriented economists, political scientists, and people generally interested in mathematics.

Mathematics is – or it should be! – an important part of our culture. The impact of mathematics is sometimes silent, but a powerful one. The authors of this book did an incredible work in digging out areas of mathematical reasoning that pervades social and political life. Reading this book, we will all enrich our vision of mathematics’ value for society.

(Nuno Crato, Professor of Applied Mathematics, University of Lisbon,  former minister of Education and Science of Portugal 2011–2015)

This monograph shows in an impressive way that mathematics can be very helpful in making and evaluating political decisions and that it is indispensable in the progressive penetration of all areas of society with scientific methods. This also includes politics. Not everything in politics can be justified or related to mathematics, but politics should not be made in contradiction to mathematical truths. For me, this is a central message of this publication.

(Johanna Wanka, Professor of Applied Mathematics, Merseburg University of Applied Sciences, former Minister of Education and Research, Germany 2013–2018)

This book is the second volume in a two-part series on the theory of ordinary differential equations and their applications to population dynamics. 

While the first volume provides an introduction to the topic, this second volume presents advanced mathematical tools for analyzing such problems. 

Part I focuses on refined techniques for describing the long-term behavior of these systems. It includes a detailed discussion of dissipative dynamical systems, omega and alpha limit sets, global attractors, bifurcations, the construction of smooth center manifolds, and normal form theory. 

Part II introduces new perspectives on predator-prey systems by applying theoretical results to derive oscillating solutions through Hopf bifurcation, traveling invasion waves using global attractor theory, and a description of long-term dynamics in competitive interactions between predator variants. 

Throughout the book, concepts are illustrated with numerical examples, and MATLAB codes are provided. 

Bridging an interdisciplinary gap, this book will be valuable to graduate students and researchers studying mathematical models in population dynamics.

This contributed volume provides an integrated perspective on modern mathematical and computational techniques for addressing complex problems in networks, control systems, learning, and game theory. It encompasses state-of-the-art research from a diverse range of disciplines, including dynamical systems, stochastic analysis, optimization, game theory, machine learning, and transportation theory. Particular emphasis is placed on connecting rigorous theoretical developments with real-world applications.

This volume is organized into twelve chapters. The first part (Chapters 1-6) addresses the optimal transportation problem in traffic networks. The second part (Chapters 7-11) investigates Markov chains with memory by examining the geometric, algebraic, dynamical, and ergodic properties of quadratic (polynomial) stochastic operators associated with cubic stochastic hypermatrices. Finally, Chapter 12 illustrates how methods from stochastic analysis and dynamical systems can be applied to lattice models of statistical mechanics defined on a Cayley tree.

Intended to serve as a comprehensive reference for academics and researchers, this volume may also benefit practitioners and anyone interested in exploring the interplay among these fields.

The book offers a transdisciplinary eco-systemic framework for analysis of ecosystems. It uses eight dimensions (economic-social-political-environmen-tal) and 40 factors to diagnose degenerating ecosystems and to synthesize regenerative ecosystems amid growing uncertainty, and inequality in the Anthropocene. 

Chapter 1 broadly defines the `all interacting evolving systems science' (AIESS) approach in terms of its eco-systemic and transdisciplinary action research methodology. Chapter 2 provides a detailed explanation of the AIESS approach  through the four concepts of interconnectedness, interdependence, interactions, and intent to diagnose degeneration and synthesize regenerative systems. 

Part 1 of the book discusses the issues and approaches to Regenerativeness. Part 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate cases of regenerative systems in different ecosystems viz. natural, rural-indigenous, urban, and industrial ecosystems.

Not only the researchers and scholarsin systems science, systems dynamics, systems design, and sustainable transition strategies but also the policy makers, corporate leaders, and development experts will greatly benefit from this book.

1.Presents a ground breaking explanation of the science of change in the Anthropocene and in epochs prior to it through its all interacting evolving systems science framework. 

2. Provides a unique transdisciplinary eco-systemic framework as a methodology to diagnose the complex degenerating ecosystems and to synthesize regenerative ecosystems in different geographies of the world. 

3. Through various cases from different ecosystems viz., natural ecosystems, rural-indigenous ecosystems, urban ecosystems, and industrial ecosystems, the book presents the challenges as well as the steps and processes to synthesize regenerative ecosystems.

Metric algebraic geometry combines concepts from algebraic geometry and differential geometry. Building on classical foundations, it offers practical tools for the 21st century. Many applied problems center around metric questions, such as optimization with respect to distances.

After a short dive into 19th-century geometry of plane curves, we turn to problems expressed by polynomial equations over the real numbers. The solution sets are real algebraic varieties. Many of our metric problems arise in data science, optimization and statistics. These include minimizing Wasserstein distances in machine learning, maximum likelihood estimation, computing curvature, or minimizing the Euclidean distance to a variety.

This book addresses a wide audience of researchers and students and can be used for a one-semester course at the graduate level. The key prerequisite is a solid foundation in undergraduate mathematics, especially in algebra and geometry.

This is an openaccess book.

Within the past few decades, there has been an accelerating development of methods for studying nonlinear equations. Nonlinear analysis offers exciting prospects for certain specific areas of nonlinear problems with continuum mechanics. The objective of this book is to carry out such studies for problems in nonlinear elasticity. This second edition is an enlarged, completely updated, and extensively revised version of the authoritative first edition. It is directed toward the scientist, engineer, and mathematician who wish to see careful treatments of precisely formulated problems. Each chapter contains a wealth of interesting, challenging, and tractable exercises.

This is the second edition of an influential monograph on logarithmic potentials with external fields, incorporating some of the numerous advancements made since the initial publication.

As the title implies, the book expands the classical theory of logarithmic potentials to encompass scenarios involving an external field. This external field manifests as a weight function in problems dealing with energy minimization and its associated equilibria. These weighted energies arise in diverse applications such as the study of electrostatics problems, orthogonal polynomials, approximation by polynomials and rational functions, as well as tools for analyzing the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues for random matrices, all of which are explored in the book. The theory delves into diverse properties of the extremal measure and its logarithmic potentials, paving the way for various numerical methods.

This new, updated edition has been thoroughly revised and is reorganized into three parts, Fundamentals, Applications and Generalizations, followed by the Appendices. Additions to the new edition include:

• new material on the following topics: analytic and C² weights, differential and integral formulae for equilibrium measures, constrained energy problems, vector equilibrium problems, and a probabilistic approach to balayage and harmonic measures;
• a new chapter entitled Classical Logarithmic Potential Theory, which conveniently summarizes the main results for logarithmic potentials without external fields;
• several new proofs and sharpened forms of some main theorems;
• expanded bibliographic and historical notes with dozens of additional references. 

Aimed at researchers and students studying extremal problems and their applications, particularly those arising from minimizing specific integrals in the presence of an external field, this book assumes a firm grasp of fundamental real and complex analysis. It meticulously develops classical logarithmic potential theory alongside the more comprehensive weighted theory.