Mathematics and Statistics (R0)

This textbook is for those who want to learn linear algebra from the basics. After a brief mathematical introduction, it provides the standard curriculum of linear algebra based on an abstract linear space. It covers, among other aspects: linear mappings and their matrix representations, basis, and dimension; matrix invariants, inner products, and norms; eigenvalues and eigenvectors; and Jordan normal forms. Detailed and self-contained proofs as well as descriptions are given for all theorems, formulas, and algorithms.

A unified overview of linear structures is presented by developing linear algebra from the perspective of functional analysis. Advanced topics such as function space are taken up, along with Fourier analysis, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, linear differential equations, the state transition matrix and the generalized inverse matrix, singular value decomposition, tensor products, and linear regression models. These all provide a bridge to more specialized theories based on linear algebra in mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and social sciences.

This book is a monograph about hybrid networks of singular and non-singular, 1-dimensional flows and equilibriums in self and product polynomial systems. The higher-order singular 1-dimensional flows and singular equilibriums are for the appearing bifurcations of lower-order singular and non-singular 1-dimesnional flows and equilibriums. The infinite-equilibriums are the switching bifurcations for two associated networks of singular and non-singular, 1-dimensional flows and equilibriums. The corresponding mathematical conditions are presented, and the theory for nonlinear dynamics of self and product polynomial systems is presented through a theorem. The mathematical proof is completed through the local analysis and the first integral manifolds. The illustrations of singular 1-diemsnional flows and equilibriums are completed, and the sampled networks of non-singular 1-dimensional flows and equilibriums are presented.