Physics and Astronomy

This book introduces the core concepts of bloodstain pattern analysis that help to understand and make independent contributions to crime scenes accurately. It presents a bridge between new research results and the practical work field of crime scene investigation in bloodstain pattern analysis, by showing and detailing reports of two different scenarios. The scenarios presented have an extensive description of gathered evidence and are diversified with real crime scene photography and sketches. This kind of case report is rare in scientific books, but the author, as a researcher, has permission from the authorities to present the cases. The book finally concludes with the main problems of modern bloodstain pattern analysis and discusses the way forward.

This book provides information on thermal energy storage systems incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) which are widely preferred owing to their immense energy storage capacity. The thermal energy storage (TES) potential of PCMs has been deeply explored for a wide range of applications, including solar/electrothermal energy storage, waste heat storage, and utilization, building energy-saving, and thermal regulations. The inherent shortcomings like leakage during phase transition and poor thermal conductivity hamper their extensive usage. Nevertheless, it has been addressed by their shape stabilization with porous materials and dispersing highly conductive nanoparticles. Nanoparticles suspended in traditional phase change materials enhance the thermal conductivity. The addition of these nanoparticles to the conventional PCM enhances the storage. In this book, the history of Nano Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM), preparation techniques, properties, theoretical modeling and correlations, and the effect of all these factors on the potential applications such as: solar energy, electronics cooling, heat exchangers, building, battery thermal management, thermal energy storage are discussed in detail. Future challenges and future work scope have been included. The information from this book can enable the readers to come up with novel techniques, resolve existing research limitations, and come up with novel NEPCM, that can be implemented for various applications.

This book highlights reviews, perspectives, and original research that contribute to the advanced interdisciplinary studies of theories, technologies, and strategies on THz sensing, biophysics, communications, and bio-effect research. The terahertz (THz) frequency covers a spectrum important for applications such as body security, non-destructive matter sensing, bio-imaging, and bio-medicine. It overlaps with the characteristic fingerprints of molecular vibrations and rotations (e.g., proteins and DNA) and thus could resonantly interact with various bio-matters. The 2021 Nobel Prize in medicine was granted for the discovery of ion channels of temperature and pressure sensing. The frequency of THz makes it absorbable for bio-effect and modulation of bio-molecules, especially for ion channels. Besides, the high-speed modulation in terahertz is a holy grail for integrated photonics in high-capacity computations. This topic has raised widespread interest in fundamental science and applications for THz. The proceedings are suitable for researchers and students interested in interdisciplinary research at the intersection of electromagnetics, physics, and life sciences.