Physics and Astronomy

This book systematically discusses the algorithms and principles for achieving stable and optimal beam (or products of the beam) parameters in particle accelerators. A four-layer beam control strategy is introduced to structure the subsystems related to beam controls, such as beam device control, beam feedback, and beam optimization. This book focuses on the global control and optimization layers. As a basis of global control, the beam feedback system regulates the beam parameters against disturbances and stabilizes them around the setpoints. The global optimization algorithms, such as the robust conjugate direction search algorithm, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, are at the top layer, determining the feedback setpoints for optimal beam qualities.

In addition, the authors also introduce the applications of machine learning for beam controls. Selected machine learning algorithms, such as supervised learning based on artificial neural networks and Gaussian processes, and reinforcement learning, are discussed. They are applied to configure feedback loops, accelerate global optimizations, and directly synthesize optimal controllers. Authors also demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms using either simulation or tests at the SwissFEL. With this book, the readers gain systematic knowledge of intelligent beam controls and learn the layered architecture guiding the design of practical beam control systems.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest achievements in the field of optical fiber lasers, covering the basics, technology, and numerous applications. Optical fiber lasers are key in a variety of scientific, military, medical, industrial, and commercial spheres, and therefore have undergone rapid innovation. Each chapter highlights a novel development in refining fiber laser features such as the output lasing wavelength, output power, nature of the laser beam, nature of the output laser pulse, design of lasing cavity, and design of fiber structure. These improvements are then applied to a wide variety of lasers, including Raman fiber lasers, gas-filled fiber lasers, rare-earth doped fiber lasers, and more. This book also sheds light on the rise in AI-enabled fiber laser systems in industrial manufacturing. The in-depth coverage of the latest developments in various kinds of optical fiber laser technology ensure this volume will serve as a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and scientists both experienced and new to the field.