Law and Criminology (R0)

This book examines how Muslim communities in the Netherlands perceive and experience extremism, counter-radicalisation policies, and Islamophobia. It is based on the findings of two original qualitative research investigations conducted in the Netherlands, in which thirty scholars, imams, mosque board members, and representatives of Islamic organisations were interviewed. The book delves into topics such as the politicisation of the Dutch media, misunderstandings about ‘radicalisation’ and how they contribute to securitisation, and how Dutch Muslims have been confronted with the dilemma of dealing with radicalisation on their own, while also facing further vilification, securitisation, and Islamophobia, all of which continue to be issues. Additionally, the study examines the significance of ‘radical Salafi’ ideology and recruitment techniques as seen by Dutch Muslim communities.

This book discusses the relationship between law and memory and explores the ways in which memory can be thought of as contributing to legal socialization and legal meaning-making. Against a backdrop of critical legal pluralism which examines the distributedness of law(s), this book introduces the notion of mnemonic legality. It emphasises memory as a resource of law rather than an object of law, on the basis of how it substantiates senses of belonging and comes to frame inclusions and exclusions from a national community on the basis of linear-trajectory and growth narratives of nationhood. Overall, it explores the sensorial and affective foundations of law, implicating memory and perceptions of belonging within this process of creating legality and legitimacy. By identifying how memory comes to shape and inform notions of law, it contributes to legal consciousness research and to important questions informing much socio-legal research.

Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less “malestreamed.” Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given “maskulinity” of legal thought.

In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education – to which this book aims to contribute – can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole.

This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.

We are currently engaged in an existential species war against nonhuman animals. This book argues that, during this war, nonhuman animals should be granted legal personhood and treated as ‘protected persons’ rather than the property of ‘protected persons.’ The main argument is that War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity – rape, forced pregnancy and other acts of sexual violence – are being committed within the meat, egg and dairy industries.

Given the over-involvement of young men in crime and young men’s disproportionally high rates of reoffending, it is surprising that more research has not explored young men’s experiences of prison. This book is based on the findings of a nine-month ethnographic case study of Hydebank Wood College, a young men’s prison in Northern Ireland. It seeks to explore the complexity of gender construction and masculine performance during young adulthood, while also exposing and dissecting the turbulent social life of a young men’s prison.

In examining these themes, the book takes account of the unique social, economic, and political factors that impact young men in communities in Northern Ireland, paying particular attention to their feelings of powerlessness, marginalisation, and vulnerability, and the construction of identity in cultures defined by territorialism, violence, masculine stoicism, and an anti-authority code of ‘honour’. The book follows the formation of masculinitiesthrough the prison gate and considers how the penal environment contributes to the continual shaping young men’s identities. The book also adopts Gambetta’s concept of ‘signalling’ to examine how young men use different practices, such as language and embodiment, to communicate masculinity to their wider social audience. At the same time, it also considers the reluctance of young men to communicate about their sources of vulnerability.

This book investigates how offenders of white-collar crime misuse legal loopholes in the courtroom. From powerful and corrupt alliances to a tough judicial battle, this volume looks at case studies from across the world to shed light on these matters and others, including:

•How legal systems work when offenders have deep roots and connections

•The courtroom proceedings and how offenders can manipulate the law

•Global case studies supporting recommendations for resolving these issues

The inside-look into the courtroom and accompanying critical analysis make this volume perfect for new graduate scholars, practitioners, and researchers working with perpetrators of white-collar crime.

This book provides a cultural investigation of the police in India and how it uses data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping. The book draws on an ethnographic study of Delhi Police's hotspot mapping endeavour. It provides a sociological investigation of the police in India and how they use data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping. It discusses how ‘criminals’ are constructed in these systems, typically, the marginalised residents of slums and immigrant colonies. It explores how the algorithm reifies existing assumptions and prejudices about 'criminals' as artificial intelligence systems are deeply intertwined with the culture and beliefs of those who make and use them. It pays special attention to the discriminatory practices of relevant police officers and how this ‘predictive’ policing perpetuates harm to the most marginalised. This book contributes to discussions around big data and surveillance studies broadly.

This is the conference book for the XIV European Regional Congress of the International Society for Labour and Social Security Law, dedicated to the interactions between social law and other areas of law. In recent years, labour law and social security law have been subject to various reforms and developments. Social law is however not an isolated domain but rather interacts with other fields, often even functioning as a guide or giving direction to those lost at sea. In other words: serving as a lighthouse.

The key aspect addressed in this book is the existence of a connection between social law sensu stricto (labour law and social security law) and other areas of law. Pursuing an inter- and multidisciplinary approach, it gathers contributions on topical and challenging issues in four broad areas:

1. Basic and fundamental principles of European social law

2. The future in the light of the past

3. The impact of regionalisation

4. Enforcement in social law

In turn, various developments can be identified in connection with these topics: the emergence of social criminal law is creating new overlaps between social and criminal law; the growing number of administrative law sanctions offers new insights into and connections between social security law and administrative law; the increasing similarity of employment in the public and private sectors raises questions about the applicability of administrative law in labour law relations; the relation between the ECHR and the articles of the Constitution opens up new perspectives on the constitutional interpretation of freedoms and on the interaction between human rights, constitutional law and social law; and lastly, there is a growing influence of EU law and international treaty law (concerning trade) on social law. Can we, by looking at these developments, draw certain conclusions at a different and innovative level? The contributions were selected by an international working group of distinguished scholars from across Europe.

This book investigates the recent history of the drug market on the dark web and suggests interventions that can be used to curb the trade of illegal products in the internet's underbelly. It outlines the current landscape of this market, highlighting:

• What is known about drug markets on the dark web.

• How transactions involving illicit goods occur in cryptomarkets.

• How the illegal trade of drugs is conducted in the dark web.

• The role of blockchain technology in these transactions.

The chapters that follow identify effective methods suppliers and purchasers employ to trade under conditions of uncertainty. They explore the role that trust plays in network structures and vendor selections for drug markets. The volume includes a review of the targeting strategies available for law enforcement and offers new solutions to target the trade of illicit goods on the dark web. It is ideal for law enforcement officers and practitioners combatting cybercrime.

This book analyses the nature, causes, logic, and culture of prison victimisation in an English young offender institution for young men aged 18-21 years old. Drawing on ethnographic and qualitative research, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of the gendered, situational, individual, and moral components of prison victimisation. It explores how wider technological, economic, policy, political, and cultural changes have altered the texture and structure of prison life and prison violence, and with what consequences. Ultimately, the book argues that high levels of prison violence are not inevitable. Rather, the prevention of prison violence requires a just, lawful, humane, and hopeful environment, and failing to create such is tragically life-changing for young prisoners.

This collection brings together academics and practitioners currently researching topics relevant to Polish criminology. It showcases the breadth and depth of criminological research in Poland. Furthermore, it places the volume within its post-Soviet past and global context, alongside the international literature, outlining its many contributions to the field. It encompasses a broad range of criminological interests, such as critical criminology and social control, policing, penitentiary and post-penitentiary systems, restorative justice, crimes of the powerful, white-collar crime etc. The edited collection serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners seeking a comprehensive understanding of crime and justice in Poland, as well as those interested in comparative criminology and the broader European context.

This book tells the story of Hang Time, a grassroots, community-based program to reduce violence and recidivism amongst returning citizens in Connecticut, and how its model can be used in restorative justice efforts across the country.

Featuring stories of Hang Time participants, this volume illustrate the impact a supportive and safe environment has on ex-offenders, their families, friends, and community during re-entry. It offers examples of successful programming elements, such as:

•Creating a safe space for people to share their experiences and issues

•Developing an community for people of different ages, backgrounds and community roles

•Identifying and utilizing community resources

•Furthering community engagement via training of new correctional officers, police, and state prosecutors during their career on-boarding.

This volume is the ideal resource for individuals, groups, and organizations aiming to humanize justice-involved individuals and programing, including: community organizations and funders, policy makers, social services, members within the judicial, law enforcement, corrections, students, and non-profit community leaders.

This two-volume edited collection showcases the work of leading scholars researching hate crime perpetration. It explores current research into hate crime perpetration, develops theoretical perspectives, and provides scholarly analysis of legal frameworks, policy responses and criminal justice practice. It seeks to understand how hate and intolerance manifest and are perpetrated. 

This Volume (I) focuses on offender profiles and motivation while Volume II examines developing responses to hate in online and offline settings. Together they highlight links between different forms and arenas of hate crime offending and provide new perspectives on the nature of contemporary hate and intolerance, how it can be understood, and how it might be effectively tackled. 

This two-volume collection contends that ‘difference’ in all its forms can be targeted by vitriol and abuse across and beyond the recognised ‘five strands’ of hate crime law and policy in England and Wales (racist, religiously motivated, homophobic, transphobic and disablist) alongside broader behaviours that underpin intolerance (such as scapegoating, stereotyping and microaggressions). These volumes bring together a range of perspectives to provide the readers – be they students, academics, policy makers, practitioners or the general public – with a comprehensive understanding of this topic.

In recent decades, environmental crime has become one of the largest criminal activities in the world with disastrous impacts on the environment, and enormous costs for future generations. The environmental impact is illustrated by the rapid disappearance of rainforests, large-scale pollution, climate change, and the mass extinction of species. Environmental crime has become a global issue, and thus needs to be anticipated in social and scientific thinking. The studies of green criminology, environmental sociology, environmental law, political ecology, and conservation studies, among other disciplines, are increasingly engaged with crimes and harms against the environment. Bringing together and combining these approaches in this edited volume is crucial to understand and reflect on the environmental challenges that we face in the 21st century.

This book delves into the testimonies of 22 pivotal individuals intricately connected to the Petrobras Operation Car Wash scandal, a significant event that exposed the involvement of influential government and business leaders in a complicated web of corruption, impacting Brazil and extending its effects throughout Latin America. Through a diverse array of perspectives—including prosecutors, defence attorneys, members of the judiciary, and civil society representatives—the book offers a thorough and nuanced analysis of systemic corruption and its extensive repercussions. Each testimony sheds light on the mechanisms of deceit and the interplay between power and accountability, ultimately providing readers with a deeper understanding of the socio-political landscape. The translation has been meticulously refined, benefiting from advanced AI assistance and the expertise of a native English speaker, ensuring clarity and coherence in conveying these critical insights.

This book presents the first major release of findings from the Fourth International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4), an ongoing, multi-national project examining young people's experiences with both victimization and offending. Covering 21 countries, this book reports responses from 58,000 young people aged 13 to 17, exploring their experiences with crime as victims, offenders, and offender-victims. The book provides in-depth analyses of cross-national crime patterns, the victim-offender overlap, the overlap in both online and offline domains, and the experiences of serious and repeat victims and offenders.  It concludes with a thought-provoking discussion of the implications for theory as well as policy.

Key takeaways from the study include:

• Cultural differences significantly impact the willingness to disclose offending behavior.
• Online victimization is an increasing concern, especially among girls and younger adolescents
• Overlap between online and offline forms of crime, and between victimization and offending is present in all countries
• Hate crimes and parental violence are more common than typically recognized.

 Authored by an international team, this book is essential for researchers in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, public policy, youth studies, and psychology.

This edited book provides a comprehensive study of punitive practices in modern-day Lithuania, highlighting its significance as a democratic European state navigating the continuing consequences of its Soviet-era criminal justice system. Punitive attitudes and practices are explored through a thematic framework, examining their socio-political, cultural, and historical contexts. Part I traces the cultural, psychological, and historical origins of punishment, highlighting the influence of collective memory and transitional reforms on penal debates. Part II examines the uneven application of criminal justice, showing how it unfairly punishes marginalised and disadvantaged communities. Part III explores advancements in probation, imprisonment, crime prevention, and victim support, showing how reforms can become both symbolic and oppressive. The book offers various criminological viewpoints that contribute to policy discussions about reducing excessive punishment, exploring alternatives, and promoting meaningful justice reform. This vital resource supports the work of scholars in criminology, sociology, law, and related fields focused on social justice and democratic reform.

This two-volume set provides insights not only into issues of criminology, but also criminal justice issues that are generally not at the forefront of Caribbean scholarship, for example, remand detention and the Caribbean Court of Justice. This volume focusses on crime, crime trends and criminal justice reform whereas volume II focusses on intersectionality, justice, and vulnerable populations. Using a diverse approach, and tackling topics including, food fraud, human trafficking, gender-based and domestic violence, climate change, and agro-terrorism, these books fill an existing lacuna in the context of specific issues plaguing Caribbean criminological and justice landscapes in the region. 

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the phenomenon of heritage crime in England and Wales. Drawing on a pastiche of empirical data comprised of qualitative testimony from police officers, victims of heritage crime, and heritage practitioners, it interrogates the following areas: i) the nature of heritage crime, ii) how is it conceptualized and operationalized within policing, iii) the victim of heritage crime and iv) opportunities for improved practice in this area. It speaks to academics and students who are interested in art, antiques and cultural property crime as well as policing and victimisation relating to these crimes. 

This practical handbook utilises criminological research to produce comprehensive Designing Out Crime solutions for practitioners. It covers a large spectrum of Designing Out Crime applications courtesy of concise and easily understood short chapters. The handbook includes a Good Practice section with examples of where (and why) success has been achieved. It speaks to crime prevention practitioners, managers, and academics in the field of criminology (especially environmental criminology). It also provides solutions to those who seek to deliver sustainable, long-term benefits at the coalface of preventing crime, fear of crime and anti-social behaviour within the built environment.

This handbook provides an essential reference to the pivotal and dynamic field of business and human rights from an African perspective. Grounded in human rights frameworks, it presents the status quo of the prevailing fundamental and intersectional issues related to business and human rights regulation in Africa. The handbook covers topics such as land and institutional governance, corporate social responsibility, and gender issues as some of the main themes and offers practical regulatory solutions based on doctrinal, empirical, and comparative methods. Exploring the intersection of business and human rights deepens our understanding of the legal, policy,  and regulatory challenges involved and clarifies how and to what extent human rights concerns are addressed in Africa, a continent often marked by human rights violations by multinational corporations. It is hoped that the solutions provided here will help advance policy, regulatory, and legal developments related to business and human rights in Africa.

The edited volume aims at presenting the various forms of stereotyping. As a matter of fact, such logical inclination is not only perpetrated through common sense and public discourse, but also through regulation and various ethical practices. Law and politics, indeed, can have a relevant function in preventing the diffusion of bad and wrong gender stereotypes.

The book explores in both theory and practice the challenges that various forms of populism pose to the dominant understandings of democratic representation and liberal constitutionalism. The volume brings together conceptual, analytical, and empirical dimensions of the relationship between populism and constitutional democracy. Moving beyond the dominant depiction of populism as “anti-pluralist”, scholars of legal and political theory, both well-known and early career researchers, discuss the paradoxes of constitutional democracy that populism brings to the surface, the complex role of the judiciary both as an enemy and as a potential ally of populism, the relationship between economic power and populism and ultimately the impasses of liberalism that populism forces us to revisit. These are highly topical issues that they have not been sufficiently explored in the literature. A significant asset of the volume is that it includes chapters on empirical studies from under-explored cases such as Southern Europe and the Balkans. Thus, the volume poses an original contribution to the existing literature on constitutional populism. Its originality along with the high quality of the research will make this book necessary for any constitutional and political theorist who aims to delve into the relationship between constitutionalism and populism.